Standardization of Reasons for Living Inventory for adolescents (RFL-A) among Iranian adolescents (Kermanshah city)
Introduction:
The vast majority of research on suicide risk focuses on negative factors that increase the chances of an individual engaging in intentional self-harm (e.g., Beck, Kovacs, & Weismann, 1979; Joiner & Rudd, 1996).
The different approach to assessment suicide risk arose with the product and development of the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL; Linehan, Goodstein, Nielsen,& Chiles, 1983). Linehan and colleagues chose to examine the cognitive factors that allow individuals desire to living in the face of hardship and adversity. They say that suicidal individuals lack coping characteristics possessed by normal individuals and have important role in understanding suicide risk. Their new scale allowed to therapist differentiated suicidal and normal individuals to be based on the content of their belief systems. This scale has a 48-item and six valid and reliable subscales: Survival and Coping Beliefs (SCB), Responsibility to Family (RF), Child Related Concerns (CRC), Fear of Suicide (FS), Fear of Social Disapproval (FSD), and Moral Objections (MO).
Tags: belief systems, city introduction, cognitive factors, moral objections, negative correlations, psychometric properties, social disapproval, suicidal individuals, suicide risk, understanding suicideHow to Conceive a Boy – The Natural and the Scientific Methods
A lot of couples want to have a child. It is perhaps one of the most exciting and best moments that a couple will feel when they know that they will give birth to a child soon. It is good to hear when a couple will add a new member to the family. Especially when the couples knew that they are going to give birth to a boy. Isn’t it exciting?
There are a lot of couples who dreamed to have a boy. Some couples were just contented to let fate decides on the gender of their upcoming baby. Seven months is the usual time where the parents knew what is the gender of the child. That is why a lot of couples dreamed to conceive a boy. They seek information that can help them to solve their problem. Luckily, there were medical professionals who persevere to study the gender selection project.
Tags: ethical concerns, gender selection, how to conceive a boy, laboratory procedures, male member, medical experts, scien, scientific methods, selection program, technological studies